1. Simple Form (He does/is X) |
| | su godan | ku godan | iku special class | yuku special class | gu godan | bu godan | mu godan | nu godan | ru godan | aru special class | tsu godan | u godan | u special class | ru ichidan | kuru verb | suru verb |
Plain Pres. | u | ใ | ใ | ใ | ใ | ใ | ใถ | ใ | ใฌ | ใ | ใ | ใค | ใ | ใ | ใ | ๆฅใ | ใใ |
Plain Past | ta | ใใ | ใใ | ใฃใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใฃใ | ใฃใ | ใฃใ | ใฃใ | ใฃใ | ใ | ๆฅใ | ใใ |
Plain Pres. Neg. | nai | ใใชใ | ใใชใ | ใใชใ | ใใชใ | ใใชใ | ใฐใชใ | ใพใชใ | ใชใชใ | ใใชใ | ใใชใ | ใใชใ | ใใชใ | ใใชใ | ใชใ | ๆฅใชใ | ใใชใ |
Plain Past Neg. | nakatta | ใใชใใฃใ | ใใชใใฃใ | ใใชใใฃใ | ใใชใใฃใ | ใใชใใฃใ | ใฐใชใใฃใ | ใพใชใใฃใ | ใชใชใใฃใ | ใใชใใฃใ | ใใชใใฃใ | ใใชใใฃใ | ใใชใใฃใ | ใใชใใฃใ | ใชใใฃใ | ๆฅใชใใฃใ | ใใชใใฃใ |
Polite Pres. | masu | ใใพใ | ใใพใ | ใใพใ | ใใพใ | ใใพใ | ใณใพใ | ใฟใพใ | ใซใพใ | ใใพใ | ใใพใ | ใกใพใ | ใใพใ | ใใพใ | ใพใ | ๆฅใพใ | ใใพใ |
Polite Past | mashita | ใใพใใ | ใใพใใ | ใใพใใ | ใใพใใ | ใใพใใ | ใณใพใใ | ใฟใพใใ | ใซใพใใ | ใใพใใ | ใใพใใ | ใกใพใใ | ใใพใใ | ใใพใใ | ใพใใ | ๆฅใพใใ | ใใพใใ |
Polite Pres. Neg. | masen | ใใพใใ | ใใพใใ | ใใพใใ | ใใพใใ | ใใพใใ | ใณใพใใ | ใฟใพใใ | ใซใพใใ | ใใพใใ | ใใพใใ | ใกใพใใ | ใใพใใ | ใใพใใ | ใพใใ | ๆฅใพใใ | ใใพใใ |
Polite Past Neg. | masen deshita | ใใพใใใงใใ | ใใพใใใงใใ | ใใพใใใงใใ | ใใพใใใงใใ | ใใพใใใงใใ | ใณใพใใใงใใ | ใฟใพใใใงใใ | ใซใพใใใงใใ | ใใพใใใงใใ | ใใพใใใงใใ | ใกใพใใใงใใ | ใใพใใใงใใ | ใใพใใใงใใ | ใพใใใงใใ | ๆฅใพใใใงใใ | ใใพใใใงใใ |
2. Progressive (He is doing X) or state of being (it is X, e.g. it is open) |
| | su godan | ku godan | iku special class | yuku special class | gu godan | bu godan | mu godan | nu godan | ru godan | aru special class | tsu godan | u godan | u special class | ru ichidan | kuru verb | suru verb |
Plain Pres. | teiru | ใใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ | ใใงใใ | ใใงใใ | ใใงใใ | ใใงใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ | ใฆใใ | ๆฅใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ |
Plain Pres. (adjunct) | teite | ใใฆใใฆ | ใใฆใใฆ | ใฃใฆใใฆ | ใใฆใใฆ | ใใงใใฆ | ใใงใใฆ | ใใงใใฆ | ใใงใใฆ | ใฃใฆใใฆ | ใฃใฆใใฆ | ใฃใฆใใฆ | ใฃใฆใใฆ | ใใฆใใฆ | ใฆใใฆ | ๆฅใฆใใฆ | ใใฆใใฆ |
Colloquial Pres. | teru | ใใฆใ | ใใฆใ | ใฃใฆใ | ใใฆใ | ใใงใ | ใใงใ | ใใงใ | ใใงใ | ใฃใฆใ | ใฃใฆใ | ใฃใฆใ | ใฃใฆใ | ใใฆใ | ใฆใ | ๆฅใฆใ | ใใฆใ |
Colloquial Pres. (adjunct) | tete | ใใฆใฆ | ใฆใฆ | ใฆใฆ | ใฆใฆ | ใใงใฆ | ใใงใฆ | ใใงใฆ | ใใงใฆ | ใฃใฆใฆ | ใฃใฆใฆ | ใฃใฆใฆ | ใฃใฆใฆ | ใใฆใฆ | ใฆใฆ | ๆฅใฆใฆ | ใใฆใฆ |
Plain Pres. Neg. | teinai | ใใฆใใชใ | ใใฆใใชใ | ใฃใฆใใชใ | ใใฆใใชใ | ใใงใใชใ | ใใงใใชใ | ใใงใใชใ | ใใงใใชใ | ใฃใฆใใชใ | ใฃใฆใใชใ | ใฃใฆใใชใ | ใฃใฆใใชใ | ใใฆใใชใ | ใฆใใชใ | ๆฅใฆใใชใ | ใใฆใใชใ |
Colloquial Pres. Neg. | tenai | ใใฆใชใ | ใใฆใชใ | ใฃใฆใชใ | ใใฆใชใ | ใใงใชใ | ใใงใชใ | ใใงใชใ | ใใงใชใ | ใฃใฆใชใ | ใฃใฆใชใ | ใฃใฆใชใ | ใฃใฆใชใ | ใใฆใชใ | ใฆใชใ | ๆฅใฆใชใ | ใใฆใชใ |
Polite Pres. | teimasu | ใใฆใใพใ | ใใฆใใพใ | ใฃใฆใใพใ | ใใฆใใพใ | ใใงใใพใ | ใใงใใพใ | ใใงใใพใ | ใใงใใพใ | ใฃใฆใใพใ | ใฃใฆใใพใ | ใฃใฆใใพใ | ใฃใฆใใพใ | ใใฆใใพใ | ใฆใใพใ | ๆฅใฆใใพใ | ใใฆใใพใ |
Polite Pres. Neg. | teimasen | ใใฆใใพใใ | ใใฆใใพใใ | ใฃใฆใใพใใ | ใใฆใใพใใ | ใใงใใพใใ | ใใงใใพใใ | ใใงใใพใใ | ใใงใใพใใ | ใฃใฆใใพใใ | ใฃใฆใใพใใ | ใฃใฆใใพใใ | ใฃใฆใใพใใ | ใใฆใใพใใ | ใฆใใพใใ | ๆฅใฆใใพใใ | ใใฆใใพใใ |
Plain Past | teita | ใใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ | ใใงใใ | ใใงใใ | ใใงใใ | ใใงใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ | ใฆใใ | ๆฅใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ |
Polite Past | teimashita | ใใฆใใพใใ | ใใฆใใพใใ | ใฃใฆใใพใใ | ใใฆใใพใใ | ใใงใใพใใ | ใใงใใพใใ | ใใงใใพใใ | ใใงใใพใใ | ใฃใฆใใพใใ | ใฃใฆใใพใใ | ใฃใฆใใพใใ | ใฃใฆใใพใใ | ใใฆใใพใใ | ใฆใใพใใ | ๆฅใฆใใพใใ | ใใฆใใพใใ |
Polite Past Neg. | teimasen deshita | ใใฆใใพใใใงใใ | ใใฆใใพใใใงใใ | ใฃใฆใใพใใใงใใ | ใใฆใใพใใใงใใ | ใใงใใพใใใงใใ | ใใงใใพใใใงใใ | ใใงใใพใใใงใใ | ใใงใใพใใใงใใ | ใฃใฆใใพใใใงใใ | ใฃใฆใใพใใใงใใ | ใฃใฆใใพใใใงใใ | ใฃใฆใใพใใใงใใ | ใใฆใใพใใใงใใ | ใฆใใพใใใงใใ | ๆฅใฆใใพใใใงใใ | ใใฆใใพใใใงใใ |
Honorific | teoru | ใใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ | ใใงใใ | ใใงใใ | ใใงใใ | ใใงใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ | ใฆใใ | ๆฅใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ |
3. Other Politeness Levels |
| | su godan | ku godan | iku special class | yuku special class | gu godan | bu godan | mu godan | nu godan | ru godan | aru special class | tsu godan | u godan | u special class | ru ichidan | kuru verb | suru verb |
Less Polite | u | * | * | * | * | * | | * | | * | * | * | * | * | * | | |
Honorific 1 | ni naru | (ใ)ใใซใชใ | (ใ)ใใซใชใ | (ใ)ใใซใชใ | (ใ)ใใซใชใ | (ใ)ใใซใชใ | (ใ)ใณใซใชใ | (ใ)ใฟใซใชใ | (ใ)ใซใซใชใ | (ใ)ใใซใชใ | (ใ)ใใซใชใ | (ใ)ใกใซใชใ | (ใ)ใใซใชใ | (ใ)ใใซใชใ | (ใ)ใซใชใ | (ใ)ใใงใซใชใ | ใชใใ |
Honorific 2 | nasaru | (ใ)ใใชใใ | (ใ)ใใชใใ | (ใ)ใใชใใ | (ใ)ใใชใใ | (ใ)ใใชใใ | (ใ)ใณใชใใ | (ใ)ใฟใชใใ | (ใ)ใซใชใใ | (ใ)ใใชใใ | (ใ)ใใชใใ | (ใ)ใกใชใใ | (ใ)ใใชใใ | (ใ)ใใชใใ | (ใ)ใชใใ | ใใใฃใใใ | ใฏใ |
Humble 2 | suru | (ใ)ใใใ | (ใ)ใใใ | (ใ)ใใใ | (ใ)ใใใ | (ใ)ใใใ | (ใ)ใณใใ | (ใ)ใฟใใ | (ใ)ใซใใ | (ใ)ใใใ | (ใ)ใใใ | (ใ)ใกใใ | (ใ)ใใใ | (ใ)ใใใ | (ใ)ใใ | * | * |
Humble 2 | itasu | (ใ)ใใใใ | (ใ)ใใใใ | (ใ)ใใใฃใใ | (ใ)ใใใใ | (ใ)ใใใใ | (ใ)ใณใใใ | (ใ)ใฟใใใ | (ใ)ใซใใใ | (ใ)ใใใใ | (ใ)ใใใใ | (ใ)ใกใใใ | (ใ)ใใใใ | (ใ)ใใใใ | (ใ)ใใใ | ใพใใ | ใใใ |
4. Request (He is asked to do/be X) |
| | su godan | ku godan | iku special class | yuku special class | gu godan | bu godan | mu godan | nu godan | ru godan | aru special class | tsu godan | u godan | u special class | ru ichidan | kuru verb | suru verb |
Polite 1 | kudasai | ใใฆไธใใ | ใใฆไธใใ | ใฃใฆไธใใ | ใใฆไธใใ | ใใงไธใใ | ใใงไธใใ | ใใงไธใใ | ใใงไธใใ | ใฃใฆไธใใ | ใฃใฆไธใใ | ใฃใฆไธใใ | ใฃใฆไธใใ | ใใฆไธใใ | ใฆไธใใ | ๆฅใฆไธใใ | ใใฆไธใใ |
Polite 2 | (o) kudasai | (ใ)ใไธใใ | (ใ)ใไธใใ | (ใ)ใไธใใ | (ใ)ใไธใใ | (ใ)ใไธใใ | (ใ)ใณไธใใ | (ใ)ใฟไธใใ | (ใ)ใซไธใใ | (ใ)ใไธใใ | (ใ)ใไธใใ | (ใ)ใกไธใใ | (ใ)ใไธใใ | (ใ)ใไธใใ | (ใ)ไธใใ | (ใ)ๆฅใไธใใ | (ใ)ใใไธใใ |
Polite Neg. | naide kudasai | ใใชใใงไธใใ | ใใชใใงไธใใ | ใใชใใงไธใใ | ใใชใใงไธใใ | ใใชใใงไธใใ | ใฐใชใใงไธใใ | ใพใชใใงไธใใ | ใชใชใใงไธใใ | ใใชใใงไธใใ | ใใชใใงไธใใ | ใใชใใงไธใใ | ใใชใใงไธใใ | ใใชใใงไธใใ | ใชใใงไธใใ | ๆฅใชใใงไธใใ | ใใชใใงไธใใ |
Honorific | (o) nasaimase | (ใ)ใใชใใใพใ | (ใ)ใใชใใใพใ | (ใ)ใใชใใใพใ | (ใ)ใใชใใใพใ | (ใ)ใใชใใใพใ | (ใ)ใณใชใใใพใ | (ใ)ใฟใชใใใพใ | (ใ)ใซใชใใใพใ | (ใ)ใใชใใใพใ | (ใ)ใใชใใใพใ | (ใ)ใกใชใใใพใ | (ใ)ใใชใใใพใ | (ใ)ใใชใใใพใ | (ใ)ใชใใใพใ | (ใ)ๆฅใใชใใใพใ | (ใ)ใใใชใใใพใ |
Honorific Neg. | (o) nasaimasu na | (ใ)ใใชใใใพใใช | (ใ)ใใชใใใพใใช | (ใ)ใใชใใใพใใช | (ใ)ใใชใใใพใใช | (ใ)ใใชใใใพใใช | (ใ)ใณใชใใใพใใช | (ใ)ใฟใชใใใพใใช | (ใ)ใซใชใใใพใใช | (ใ)ใใชใใใพใใช | (ใ)ใใชใใใพใใช | (ใ)ใกใชใใใพใใช | (ใ)ใใชใใใพใใช | (ใ)ใใชใใใพใใช | (ใ)ใชใใใพใใช | (ใ)ๆฅใใชใใใพใใช | (ใ)ใใใชใใใพใใช |
5. Imperative (You are ordered to do/be X) |
| | su godan | ku godan | iku special class | yuku special class | gu godan | bu godan | mu godan | nu godan | ru godan | aru special class | tsu godan | u godan | u special class | ru ichidan | kuru verb | suru verb |
Plain Pres. Verbal | e/ro | ใ | ใ | ใ | ใ | ใ | ใน | ใ | ใญ | ใ | ใ | ใฆ | ใ | ใ | ใ | ๆฅใ | ใใ |
Plain Pres. Literary | e/yo | ใ | ใ | ใ | ใ | ใ | ใน | ใ | ใญ | ใ | ใ | ใฆ | ใ | ใ | ใ | ๆฅใ | ใใ |
Plain Pres. Neg. | u na | ใใช | ใใช | ใใช | ใใช | ใใช | ใถใช | ใใช | ใฌใช | ใใช | ใใช | ใคใช | ใใช | ใใช | ใใช | ๆฅใใช | ใใใช |
Polite Pres. | nasai | ใใชใใ | ใใชใใ | ใใชใใ | ใใชใใ | ใใชใใ | ใณใชใใ | ใฟใชใใ | ใซใชใใ | ใใชใใ | ใใชใใ | ใกใชใใ | ใใชใใ | ใใชใใ | ใชใใ | ๆฅใชใใ | ใใชใใ |
Polite Pres. Neg. | nasaru na | ใใชใใใช | ใใชใใใช | ใใชใใใช | ใใชใใใช | ใใชใใใช | ใณใชใใใช | ใฟใชใใใช | ใซใชใใใช | ใใชใใใช | ใใชใใใช | ใกใชใใใช | ใใชใใใช | ใใชใใใช | ใชใใใช | ๆฅใชใใใช | ใใชใใใช |
6. Desire (He wants to do/be X) |
| | su godan | ku godan | iku special class | yuku special class | gu godan | bu godan | mu godan | nu godan | ru godan | aru special class | tsu godan | u godan | u special class | ru ichidan | kuru verb | suru verb |
Plain Pres. | tai | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใณใใ | ใฟใใ | ใซใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใกใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใ | ๆฅใใ | ใใใ |
Plain Past | takatta | ใใใใฃใ | ใใใใฃใ | ใใใใฃใ | ใใใใฃใ | ใใใใฃใ | ใณใใใฃใ | ใฟใใใฃใ | ใซใใใฃใ | ใใใใฃใ | ใใใใฃใ | ใกใใใฃใ | ใใใใฃใ | ใใใใฃใ | ใใใฃใ | ๆฅใใใฃใ | ใใใใฃใ |
Plain Pres. Neg. | takunai | ใใใใชใ | ใใใใชใ | ใใใใชใ | ใใใใชใ | ใใใใชใ | ใณใใใชใ | ใฟใใใชใ | ใซใใใชใ | ใใใใชใ | ใใใใชใ | ใกใใใชใ | ใใใใชใ | ใใใใชใ | ใใใชใ | ๆฅใใใชใ | ใใใใชใ |
Plain Past Neg. | takunakatta | ใใใใชใใฃใ | ใใใใชใใฃใ | ใใใใชใใฃใ | ใใใใชใใฃใ | ใใใใชใใฃใ | ใณใใใชใใฃใ | ใฟใใใชใใฃใ | ใซใใใชใใฃใ | ใใใใชใใฃใ | ใใใใชใใฃใ | ใกใใใชใใฃใ | ใใใใชใใฃใ | ใใใใชใใฃใ | ใใใชใใฃใ | ๆฅใใใชใใฃใ | ใใใใชใใฃใ |
Polite Pres. | tai desu | ใใใใงใ | ใใใใงใ | ใใใใงใ | ใใใใงใ | ใใใใงใ | ใณใใใงใ | ใฟใใใงใ | ใซใใใงใ | ใใใใงใ | ใใใใงใ | ใกใใใงใ | ใใใใงใ | ใใใใงใ | ใใใงใ | ๆฅใใใงใ | ใใใใงใ |
Polite Past | tai deshita | ใใใใงใใ | ใใใใงใใ | ใใใใงใใ | ใใใใงใใ | ใใใใงใใ | ใณใใใงใใ | ใฟใใใงใใ | ใซใใใงใใ | ใใใใงใใ | ใใใใงใใ | ใกใใใงใใ | ใใใใงใใ | ใใใใงใใ | ใใใงใใ | ๆฅใใใงใใ | ใใใใงใใ |
Polite Pres. Neg. | taku arimasen | ใใใใใใพใใ | ใใใใใใพใใ | ใใใใใใพใใ | ใใใใใใพใใ | ใใใใใใพใใ | ใณใใใใใพใใ | ใฟใใใใใพใใ | ใซใใใใใพใใ | ใใใใใใพใใ | ใใใใใใพใใ | ใกใใใใใพใใ | ใใใใใใพใใ | ใใใใใใพใใ | ใใใใใพใใ | ๆฅใใใใใพใใ | ใใใใใใพใใ |
Polite Past Neg. | taku arimasen deshita | ใใใใใใพใใใงใใ | ใใใใใใพใใใงใใ | ใใใใใใพใใใงใใ | ใใใใใใพใใใงใใ | ใใใใใใพใใใงใใ | ใณใใใใใพใใใงใใ | ใฟใใใใใพใใใงใใ | ใซใใใใใพใใใงใใ | ใใใใใใพใใใงใใ | ใใใใใใพใใใงใใ | ใกใใใใใพใใใงใใ | ใใใใใใพใใใงใใ | ใใใใใใพใใใงใใ | ใใใใใพใใใงใใ | ๆฅใใใใใพใใใงใใ | ใใใใใใพใใใงใใ |
Pres. 3rd person only | tagaru | ใใใใ | ใใใใ | ใใใใ | ใใใใ | ใใใใ | ใณใใใ | ใฟใใใ | ใซใใใ | ใใใใ | ใใใใ | ใกใใใ | ใใใใ | ใใใใ | ใใใ | ๆฅใใใ | ใใใใ |
7. Provisional / Conditional (If he does/is X) |
| | su godan | ku godan | iku special class | yuku special class | gu godan | bu godan | mu godan | nu godan | ru godan | aru special class | tsu godan | u godan | u special class | ru ichidan | kuru verb | suru verb |
Plain (ba) | ba | ใใฐ | ใใฐ | ใใฐ | ใใฐ | ใใฐ | ในใฐ | ใใฐ | ใญใฐ | ใใฐ | ใใฐ | ใฆใฐ | ใใฐ | ใใฐ | ใใฐ | ๆฅใใฐ | ใใใฐ |
Colloquial (ba) | rya | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | ใใ | ใใ | * | * | * | ใใ | ๆฅใใ | ใใใ |
Colloquial Neg. (ba) | nakya | ใใชใใ | ใใชใใ | ใใชใใ | ใใชใใ | ใใชใใ | ใฐใชใใ | ใพใชใใ | ใชใชใใ | ใใชใใ | ใใชใใ | ใใชใใ | ใใชใใ | ใใชใใ | ใชใใ | ๆฅใชใใ | ใใชใใ |
Plain Neg. (ba) | nakereba | ใใชใใใฐ | ใใชใใใฐ | ใใชใใใฐ | ใใชใใใฐ | ใใชใใใฐ | ใฐใชใใใฐ | ใพใชใใใฐ | ใชใชใใใฐ | ใใชใใใฐ | ใใชใใใฐ | ใใชใใใฐ | ใใชใใใฐ | ใใชใใใฐ | ใชใใใฐ | ๆฅใชใใใฐ | ใใชใใใฐ |
Polite (ba) | maseba/masureba | ใใพใใฐ | ใใพใใฐ | ใใพใใฐ | ใใพใใฐ | ใใพใใฐ | ใณใพใใฐ | ใฟใพใใฐ | ใซใพใใฐ | ใใพใใฐ | ใใพใใฐ | ใกใพใใฐ | ใใพใใฐ | ใใพใใฐ | ใพใใฐ | ๆฅใพใใฐ | ใใพใใฐ |
Polite Neg. (ba) | masen nara | ใใพใใใชใ | ใใพใใใชใ | ใใพใใใชใ | ใใพใใใชใ | ใใพใใใชใ | ใณใพใใใชใ | ใฟใพใใใชใ | ใซใพใใใชใ | ใใพใใใชใ | ใใพใใใชใ | ใกใพใใใชใ | ใใพใใใชใ | ใใพใใใชใ | ใพใใใชใ | ๆฅใพใใใชใ | ใใพใใใชใ |
Plain (tara) | tara | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใฃใใ | ใใใ | ใใ ใ | ใใ ใ | ใใ ใ | ใใ ใ | ใฃใใ | ใฃใใ | ใฃใใ | ใฃใใ | ใฃใใ | ใใ | ๆฅใใ | ใใใ |
Plain Neg. (tara) | nakattara | ใใชใใฃใใ | ใใชใใฃใใ | ใใชใใฃใใ | ใใชใใฃใใ | ใใชใใฃใใ | ใฐใชใใฃใใ | ใพใชใใฃใใ | ใชใชใใฃใใ | ใใชใใฃใใ | ใใชใใฃใใ | ใใชใใฃใใ | ใใชใใฃใใ | ใใชใใฃใใ | ใชใใฃใใ | ๆฅใชใใฃใใ | ใใชใใฃใใ |
Polite (tara) | mashitara | ใใพใใใ | ใใพใใใ | ใใพใใใ | ใใพใใใ | ใใพใใใ | ใณใพใใใ | ใฟใพใใใ | ใซใพใใใ | ใใพใใใ | ใใพใใใ | ใกใพใใใ | ใใพใใใ | ใใพใใใ | ใพใใใ | ๆฅใพใใใ | ใใพใใใ |
Polite Neg. (tara) | masen deshitara | ใใพใใใงใใใ | ใใพใใใงใใใ | ใใพใใใงใใใ | ใใพใใใงใใใ | ใใพใใใงใใใ | ใณใพใใใงใใใ | ใฟใพใใใงใใใ | ใซใพใใใงใใใ | ใใพใใใงใใใ | ใใพใใใงใใใ | ใกใพใใใงใใใ | ใใพใใใงใใใ | ใใพใใใงใใใ | ใพใใใงใใใ | ๆฅใพใใใงใใใ | ใใพใใใงใใใ |
If I want to say | tai | ใใใใใฐ | ใใใใใฐ | ใใใใใฐ | ใใใใใฐ | ใใใใใฐ | ใณใใใใฐ | ใฟใใใใฐ | ใซใใใใฐ | ใใใใใฐ | ใใใใใฐ | ใกใใใใฐ | ใใใใใฐ | ใใใใใฐ | ใใใใฐ | ๆฅใใใใฐ | ใใใใใฐ |
8. Volitional (He should/intends to do/be X) |
| | su godan | ku godan | iku special class | yuku special class | gu godan | bu godan | mu godan | nu godan | ru godan | aru special class | tsu godan | u godan | u special class | ru ichidan | kuru verb | suru verb |
Plain | ou | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใผใ | ใใ | ใฎใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใจใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ๆฅใใ | ใใใ |
Plain Neg. | mai | ใใพใ | ใใพใ | ใใพใ | ใใพใ | ใใพใ | ใถใพใ | ใใพใ | ใฌใพใ | ใใพใ | ใใพใ | ใคใพใ | ใใพใ | ใใพใ | ใพใ | ๆฅใใพใ | ใใใพใ |
Plain Progressive | teyou | ใใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ | ใใงใใ | ใใงใใ | ใใงใใ | ใใงใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ | ใฆใใ | ๆฅใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ |
Polite | mashou | ใใพใใใ | ใใพใใใ | ใใพใใใ | ใใพใใใ | ใใพใใใ | ใณใพใใใ | ใฟใพใใใ | ใซใพใใใ | ใใพใใใ | ใใพใใใ | ใกใพใใใ | ใใพใใใ | ใใพใใใ | ใพใใใ | ๆฅใพใใใ | ใใพใใใ |
Polite Neg. | masu mai | ใใพใใพใ | ใใพใใพใ | ใใพใใพใ | ใใพใใพใ | ใใพใใพใ | ใณใพใใพใ | ใฟใพใใพใ | ใซใพใใพใ | ใใพใใพใ | ใใพใใพใ | ใกใพใใพใ | ใใพใใพใ | ใใพใใพใ | ใพใใพใ | ๆฅใพใใพใ | ใใพใใพใ |
9. Obligation (He must/is obliged to do/be X) |
| | su godan | ku godan | iku special class | yuku special class | gu godan | bu godan | mu godan | nu godan | ru godan | aru special class | tsu godan | u godan | u special class | ru ichidan | kuru verb | suru verb |
Colloquial Pres. | nakya (ikenai) | ใใชใใ (ใใใชใ) | ใใชใใ (ใใใชใ) | ใใชใใ (ใใใชใ) | ใใชใใ (ใใใชใ) | ใใชใใ (ใใใชใ) | ใฐใชใใ (ใใใชใ) | ใพใชใใ (ใใใชใ) | ใชใชใใ (ใใใชใ) | ใใชใใ (ใใใชใ) | ใใชใใ (ใใใชใ) | ใใชใใ (ใใใชใ) | ใใชใใ (ใใใชใ) | ใใชใใ (ใใใชใ) | ใชใใ (ใใใชใ) | ๆฅใชใใ (ใใใชใ) | ใใชใใ (ใใใชใ) |
Plain Pres. 1 | nakereba ikenai | ใใชใใใฐใใใชใ | ใใชใใใฐใใใชใ | ใใชใใใฐใใใชใ | ใใชใใใฐใใใชใ | ใใชใใใฐใใใชใ | ใฐใชใใใฐใใใชใ | ใพใชใใใฐใใใชใ | ใชใชใใใฐใใใชใ | ใใชใใใฐใใใชใ | ใใชใใใฐใใใชใ | ใใชใใใฐใใใชใ | ใใชใใใฐใใใชใ | ใใชใใใฐใใใชใ | ใชใใใฐใชใใชใ | ๆฅใชใใใฐใใใชใ | ใใชใใใฐใใใชใ |
Plain Pres. 2 | nakereba naranai | ใใชใใใฐใชใใชใ | ใใชใใใฐใชใใชใ | ใใชใใใฐใชใใชใ | ใใชใใใฐใชใใชใ | ใใชใใใฐใชใใชใ | ใฐใชใใใฐใชใใชใ | ใพใชใใใฐใชใใชใ | ใชใชใใใฐใชใใชใ | ใใชใใใฐใชใใชใ | ใใชใใใฐใชใใชใ | ใใชใใใฐใชใใชใ | ใใชใใใฐใชใใชใ | ใใชใใใฐใชใใชใ | ใชใใใฐใใใชใ | ๆฅใชใใใฐใชใใชใ | ใใชใใใฐใชใใชใ |
Colloquial Pres. Neg. | cha ikenai | ใใกใใใใชใ | ใใกใใใใชใ | ใฃใกใใใใชใ | ใใกใใใใชใ | ใใใใใใชใ | ใใใใใใชใ | ใใใใใใชใ | ใใใใใใชใ | ใฃใกใใใใชใ | ใฃใกใใใใชใ | ใฃใกใใใใชใ | ใฃใกใใใใชใ | ใใกใใใใชใ | ใกใใใใชใ | ๆฅใกใใใใชใ | ใใกใใใใชใ |
Plain Pres. Neg. 1 | ikenai | ใใฆใฏใใใชใ | ใใฆใฏใใใชใ | ใฃใฆใฏใใใชใ | ใใฆใฏใใใชใ | ใใงใฏใใใชใ | ใใงใฏใใใชใ | ใใงใฏใใใชใ | ใใงใฏใใใชใ | ใฃใฆใฏใใใชใ | ใฃใฆใฏใใใชใ | ใฃใฆใฏใใใชใ | ใฃใฆใฏใใใชใ | ใใฆใฏใใใชใ | ใฆใฏใใใชใ | ๆฅใฆใฏใใใชใ | ใใฆใฏใใใชใ |
Plain Pres. Neg. 2 | naranai | ใใฆใฏใชใใชใ | ใใฆใฏใชใใชใ | ใฃใฆใฏใชใใชใ | ใใฆใฏใชใใชใ | ใใงใฏใชใใชใ | ใใงใฏใชใใชใ | ใใงใฏใชใใชใ | ใใงใฏใชใใชใ | ใฃใฆใฏใชใใชใ | ใฃใฆใฏใชใใชใ | ใฃใฆใฏใชใใชใ | ใฃใฆใฏใชใใชใ | ใใฆใฏใชใใชใ | ใฆใฏใชใใชใ | ๆฅใฆใฏใชใใชใ | ใใฆใฏใชใใชใ |
Plain Pres. Neg. 3 | dame | ใใฆใฏใ ใใ | ใใฆใฏใ ใใ | ใฃใฆใฏใ ใใ | ใใฆใฏใ ใใ | ใใงใฏใ ใใ | ใใงใฏใ ใใ | ใใงใฏใ ใใ | ใใงใฏใ ใใ | ใฃใฆใฏใ ใใ | ใฃใฆใฏใ ใใ | ใฃใฆใฏใ ใใ | ใฃใฆใฏใ ใใ | ใใฆใฏใ ใใ | ใฆใฏใ ใใ | ๆฅใฆใฏใ ใใ | ใใฆใฏใ ใใ |
Polite Pres. 1 | nakereba ikemasen | ใใชใใใฐใใใพใใ | ใใชใใใฐใใใพใใ | ใใชใใใฐใใใพใใ | ใใชใใใฐใใใพใใ | ใใชใใใฐใใใพใใ | ใฐใชใใใฐใใใพใใ | ใพใชใใใฐใใใพใใ | ใชใชใใใฐใใใพใใ | ใใชใใใฐใใใพใใ | ใใชใใใฐใใใพใใ | ใใชใใใฐใใใพใใ | ใใชใใใฐใใใพใใ | ใใชใใใฐใใใพใใ | ใชใใใฐใใใพใใ | ๆฅใชใใใฐใใใพใใ | ใใชใใใฐใใใพใใ |
Polite Pres. 2 | nakereba narimasen | ใใชใใใฐใชใใพใใ | ใใชใใใฐใชใใพใใ | ใใชใใใฐใชใใพใใ | ใใชใใใฐใชใใพใใ | ใใชใใใฐใชใใพใใ | ใฐใชใใใฐใชใใพใใ | ใพใชใใใฐใชใใพใใ | ใชใชใใใฐใชใใพใใ | ใใชใใใฐใชใใพใใ | ใใชใใใฐใชใใพใใ | ใใชใใใฐใชใใพใใ | ใใชใใใฐใชใใพใใ | ใใชใใใฐใชใใพใใ | ใชใใใฐใชใใพใใ | ๆฅใชใใใฐใชใใพใใ | ใใชใใใฐใชใใพใใ |
Polite Pres. Neg. 1 | ikemasen | ใใฆใฏใใใพใใ | ใใฆใฏใใใพใใ | ใฃใฆใฏใใใพใใ | ใใฆใฏใใใพใใ | ใใงใฏใใใพใใ | ใใงใฏใใใพใใ | ใใงใฏใใใพใใ | ใใงใฏใใใพใใ | ใฃใฆใฏใใใพใใ | ใฃใฆใฏใใใพใใ | ใฃใฆใฏใใใพใใ | ใฃใฆใฏใใใพใใ | ใใฆใฏใใใพใใ | ใฆใฏใใใพใใ | ๆฅใฆใฏใใใพใใ | ใใฆใฏใใใพใใ |
Polite Pres. Neg. 2 | narimasen | ใใฆใฏใชใใพใใ | ใใฆใฏใชใใพใใ | ใฃใฆใฏใชใใพใใ | ใใฆใฏใชใใพใใ | ใใงใฏใชใใพใใ | ใใงใฏใชใใพใใ | ใใงใฏใชใใพใใ | ใใงใฏใชใใพใใ | ใฃใฆใฏใชใใพใใ | ใฃใฆใฏใชใใพใใ | ใฃใฆใฏใชใใพใใ | ใฃใฆใฏใชใใพใใ | ใใฆใฏใชใใพใใ | ใฆใฏใชใใพใใ | ๆฅใฆใฏใชใใพใใ | ใใฆใฏใชใใพใใ |
Polite Pres. Neg. 3 | dame desu | ใใฆใฏใ ใใงใ | ใใฆใฏใ ใใงใ | ใฃใฆใฏใ ใใงใ | ใใฆใฏใ ใใงใ | ใใงใฏใ ใใงใ | ใใงใฏใ ใใงใ | ใใงใฏใ ใใงใ | ใใงใฏใ ใใงใ | ใฃใฆใฏใ ใใงใ | ใฃใฆใฏใ ใใงใ | ใฃใฆใฏใ ใใงใ | ใฃใฆใฏใ ใใงใ | ใใฆใฏใ ใใงใ | ใฆใฏใ ใใงใ | ๆฅใฆใฏใ ใใงใ | ใใฆใฏใ ใใงใ |
10. Presumptive (He probably does/is X) |
| | su godan | ku godan | iku special class | yuku special class | gu godan | bu godan | mu godan | nu godan | ru godan | aru special class | tsu godan | u godan | u special class | ru ichidan | kuru verb | suru verb |
Plain Pres. | darou | ใใ ใใ | ใใ ใใ | ใใ ใใ | ใใ ใใ | ใใ ใใ | ใถใ ใใ | ใใ ใใ | ใฌใ ใใ | ใใ ใใ | ใใ ใใ | ใคใ ใใ | ใใ ใใ | ใใ ใใ | ใใ ใใ | ๆฅใใ ใใ | ใใใ ใใ |
Plain Past | darou | ใใใ ใใ | ใใใ ใใ | ใฃใใ ใใ | ใใใ ใใ | ใใ ใ ใใ | ใใ ใ ใใ | ใใ ใ ใใ | ใใ ใ ใใ | ใฃใใ ใใ | ใฃใใ ใใ | ใฃใใ ใใ | ใฃใใ ใใ | ใฃใใ ใใ | ใใ ใใ | ๆฅใใ ใใ | ใใใ ใใ |
Plain Pres. Neg. | nai darou | ใใชใใ ใใ | ใใชใใ ใใ | ใใชใใ ใใ | ใใชใใ ใใ | ใใชใใ ใใ | ใฐใชใใ ใใ | ใพใชใใ ใใ | ใชใชใใ ใใ | ใใชใใ ใใ | ใใชใใ ใใ | ใใชใใ ใใ | ใใชใใ ใใ | ใใชใใ ใใ | ใชใใ ใใ | ๆฅใชใใ ใใ | ใใชใใ ใใ |
Plain Past Neg. | nakatta darou | ใใชใใฃใใ ใใ | ใใชใใฃใใ ใใ | ใใชใใฃใใ ใใ | ใใชใใฃใใ ใใ | ใใชใใฃใใ ใใ | ใฐใชใใฃใใ ใใ | ใพใชใใฃใใ ใใ | ใชใชใใฃใใ ใใ | ใใชใใฃใใ ใใ | ใใชใใฃใใ ใใ | ใใชใใฃใใ ใใ | ใใชใใฃใใ ใใ | ใใชใใฃใใ ใใ | ใชใใฃใใ ใใ | ๆฅใชใใฃใใ ใใ | ใใชใใฃใใ ใใ |
Polite Pres. | deshou | ใใงใใใ | ใใงใใใ | ใใงใใใ | ใใงใใใ | ใใงใใใ | ใถใงใใใ | ใใงใใใ | ใฌใงใใใ | ใใงใใใ | ใใงใใใ | ใคใงใใใ | ใใงใใใ | ใใงใใใ | ใใงใใใ | ๆฅใใงใใใ | ใใใงใใใ |
Polite Past | nai darou | ใใใงใใใ | ใใใงใใใ | ใฃใใงใใใ | ใใใงใใใ | ใใ ใงใใใ | ใใ ใงใใใ | ใใ ใงใใใ | ใใ ใงใใใ | ใฃใใงใใใ | ใฃใใงใใใ | ใฃใใงใใใ | ใฃใใงใใใ | ใฃใใงใใใ | ใใงใใใ | ๆฅใใงใใใ | ใใใงใใใ |
Polite Pres. Neg. | deshou | ใใชใใงใใใ | ใใชใใงใใใ | ใใชใใงใใใ | ใใชใใงใใใ | ใใชใใงใใใ | ใฐใชใใงใใใ | ใพใชใใงใใใ | ใชใชใใงใใใ | ใใชใใงใใใ | ใใชใใงใใใ | ใใชใใงใใใ | ใใชใใงใใใ | ใใชใใงใใใ | ใชใใงใใใ | ๆฅใชใใงใใใ | ใใชใใงใใใ |
Polite Past Neg. | nai deshou | ใใชใใฃใใงใใใ | ใใชใใฃใใงใใใ | ใใชใใฃใใงใใใ | ใใชใใฃใใงใใใ | ใใชใใฃใใงใใใ | ใฐใชใใฃใใงใใใ | ใพใชใใฃใใงใใใ | ใชใชใใฃใใงใใใ | ใใชใใฃใใงใใใ | ใใชใใฃใใงใใใ | ใใชใใฃใใงใใใ | ใใชใใฃใใงใใใ | ใใชใใฃใใงใใใ | ใชใใฃใใงใใใ | ๆฅใชใใฃใใงใใใ | ใใชใใฃใใงใใใ |
11. Alternative (He does/is X, amongst other things) |
| | su godan | ku godan | iku special class | yuku special class | gu godan | bu godan | mu godan | nu godan | ru godan | aru special class | tsu godan | u godan | u special class | ru ichidan | kuru verb | suru verb |
Affirmative | tari | ใใใ | ใใใ(ใใ) | ใฃใใ(ใใ) | ใใใ(ใใ) | ใใ ใ(ใใ) | ใใ ใ(ใใ) | ใใ ใ(ใใ) | ใใ ใ(ใใ) | ใฃใใ(ใใ) | ใฃใใ(ใใ) | ใฃใใ(ใใ) | ใฃใใ(ใใ) | ใฃใใ(ใใ) | ใใ(ใใ) | ๆฅใใ | ใใใ |
Negative | nakattari | ใใชใใฃใใ | ใใชใใฃใใ(ใใ) | ใใชใใฃใใ(ใใ) | ใใชใใฃใใ(ใใ) | ใใชใใฃใใ(ใใ) | ใฐใชใใฃใใ(ใใ) | ใพใชใใฃใใ(ใใ) | ใชใชใใฃใใ(ใใ) | ใใชใใฃใใ(ใใ) | ใใชใใฃใใ(ใใ) | ใใชใใฃใใ(ใใ) | ใใชใใฃใใ(ใใ) | ใใชใใฃใใ(ใใ) | ใชใใฃใใ(ใใ) | ๆฅใชใใฃใใ | ใใชใใฃใใ |
Aff. Progressive | teitari | ใใฆใใใ | ใใฆใใใ | ใฃใฆใใใ | ใใฆใใใ | ใใงใใใ | ใใงใใใ | ใใงใใใ | ใใงใใใ | ใฃใฆใใใ | ใฃใฆใใใ | ใฃใฆใใใ | ใฃใฆใใใ | ใใฆใใใ | ใฆใใใ | ๆฅใฆใใใ | ใใฆใใใ |
Neg. Progressive | teinakattari | ใใฆใใชใใฃใใ | ใใฆใใชใใฃใใ | ใฃใฆใใชใใฃใใ | ใใฆใใชใใฃใใ | ใใงใใชใใฃใใ | ใใงใใชใใฃใใ | ใใงใใชใใฃใใ | ใใงใใชใใฃใใ | ใฃใฆใใชใใฃใใ | ใฃใฆใใชใใฃใใ | ใฃใฆใใชใใฃใใ | ใฃใฆใใชใใฃใใ | ใใฆใใชใใฃใใ | ใฆใใชใใฃใใ | ๆฅใฆใใชใใฃใใ | ใใฆใใชใใฃใใ |
12. Causative Active (He makes him do/be X) |
| | su godan | ku godan | iku special class | yuku special class | gu godan | bu godan | mu godan | nu godan | ru godan | aru special class | tsu godan | u godan | u special class | ru ichidan | kuru verb | suru verb |
Plain Pres. | seru | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใฐใใ | ใพใใ | ใชใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ๆฅใใใ | ใใใ |
Colloquial Pres. | su | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใฐใ | ใพใ | ใชใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ๆฅใ | ใใ |
Plain Pres. Neg. | senai | ใใใชใ | ใใใชใ | ใใใชใ | ใใใชใ | ใใใชใ | ใฐใใชใ | ใพใใชใ | ใชใใชใ | ใใใชใ | ใใใชใ | ใใใชใ | ใใใชใ | ใใใชใ | ใใใชใ | ๆฅใใใชใ | ใใใชใ |
Polite Pres. | semasu | ใใใพใ | ใใใพใ | ใใใพใ | ใใใพใ | ใใใพใ | ใฐใใพใ | ใพใใพใ | ใชใใพใ | ใใใพใ | ใใใพใ | ใใใพใ | ใใใพใ | ใใใพใ | ใใใพใ | ๆฅใใใพใ | ใใใพใ |
Polite Pres. Neg. | semasen | ใใใพใใ | ใใใพใใ | ใใใพใใ | ใใใพใใ | ใใใพใใ | ใฐใใพใใ | ใพใใพใใ | ใชใใพใใ | ใใใพใใ | ใใใพใใ | ใใใพใใ | ใใใพใใ | ใใใพใใ | ใใใพใใ | ๆฅใใใพใใ | ใใใพใใ |
13. Causative Passive (He is made to do/be X) |
| | su godan | ku godan | iku special class | yuku special class | gu godan | bu godan | mu godan | nu godan | ru godan | aru special class | tsu godan | u godan | u special class | ru ichidan | kuru verb | suru verb |
Plain Pres. | serareru | ใใใใใ | ใใใใใ | ใใใใใ | ใใใใใ | ใใใใใ | ใฐใใใใ | ใพใใใใ | ใชใใใใ | ใใใใใ | ใใใใใ | ใใใใใ | ใใใใใ | ใใใใใ | ใใใใ | ๆฅใใใใใ | ใใใใใ |
Colloquial Pres. | sareru | ใใใใ | ใใใใ | ใใใใ | ใใใใ | ใใใใ | ใฐใใใ | ใพใใใ | ใชใใใ | ใใใใ | ใใใใ | ใใใใ | ใใใใ | ใใใใ | ใใใ | ๆฅใใใ | ใใใใ |
Plain Pres. Neg. | serarenai | ใใใใใชใ | ใใใใใชใ | ใใใใใชใ | ใใใใใชใ | ใใใใใชใ | ใฐใใใใชใ | ใพใใใใชใ | ใชใใใใชใ | ใใใใใชใ | ใใใใใชใ | ใใใใใชใ | ใใใใใชใ | ใใใใใชใ | ใใใใชใ | ๆฅใใใใใชใ | ใใใใใชใ |
Polite Pres. | seraremasu | ใใใใใพใ | ใใใใใพใ | ใใใใใพใ | ใใใใใพใ | ใใใใใพใ | ใฐใใใใพใ | ใพใใใใพใ | ใชใใใใพใ | ใใใใใพใ | ใใใใใพใ | ใใใใใพใ | ใใใใใพใ | ใใใใใพใ | ใใใใพใ | ๆฅใใใใใพใ | ใใใใใพใ |
Polite Pres. Neg. | seraremasen | ใใใใใพใใ | ใใใใใพใใ | ใใใใใพใใ | ใใใใใพใใ | ใใใใใพใใ | ใฐใใใใพใใ | ใพใใใใพใใ | ใชใใใใพใใ | ใใใใใพใใ | ใใใใใพใใ | ใใใใใพใใ | ใใใใใพใใ | ใใใใใพใใ | ใใใใพใใ | ๆฅใใใใใพใใ | ใใใใใพใใ |
14. Passive (X is done to him), also Humble Form |
| | su godan | ku godan | iku special class | yuku special class | gu godan | bu godan | mu godan | nu godan | ru godan | aru special class | tsu godan | u godan | u special class | ru ichidan | kuru verb | suru verb |
Plain Pres. | reru | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใฐใใ | ใพใใ | ใชใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | * | ใใใ |
Plain Pres. Neg. | reta | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใฐใใ | ใพใใ | ใชใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | * | ใใใ |
Plain Pres. Neg. | renai | ใใใชใ | ใใใชใ | ใใใชใ | ใใใชใ | ใใใชใ | ใฐใใชใ | ใพใใชใ | ใชใใชใ | ใใใชใ | ใใใชใ | ใใใชใ | ใใใชใ | ใใใชใ | ใใใชใ | * | ใใใชใ |
Polite Pres. | remasu | ใใใพใ | ใใใพใ | ใใใพใ | ใใใพใ | ใใใพใ | ใฐใใพใ | ใพใใพใ | ใชใใพใ | ใใใพใ | ใใใพใ | ใใใพใ | ใใใพใ | ใใใพใ | ใใใพใ | * | ใใใพใ |
Polite Pres. Neg. | remasen | ใใใพใใ | ใใใพใใ | ใใใพใใ | ใใใพใใ | ใใใพใใ | ใฐใใพใใ | ใพใใพใใ | ใชใใพใใ | ใใใพใใ | ใใใพใใ | ใใใพใใ | ใใใพใใ | ใใใพใใ | ใใใพใใ | * | ใใใพใใ |
Passive Progressive | rete | ใใใฆ | ใใใฆ | ใใใฆ | ใใใฆ | ใใใฆ | ใฐใใฆ | ใพใใฆ | ใชใใฆ | ใใใฆ | ใใใฆ | ใใใฆ | ใใใฆ | ใใใฆ | ใใใฆ | * | ใใใฆ |
Passive Conditional | reba | ใใใฐ | ใใใฐ | ใใใฐ | ใใใฐ | ใใใฐ | ใฐใใฐ | ใพใใฐ | ใชใใฐ | ใใใฐ | ใใใฐ | ใใใฐ | ใใใฐ | ใใใฐ | ใใใฐ | * | ใใใฐ |
15. Potential (He can do/be X) |
| | su godan | ku godan | iku special class | yuku special class | gu godan | bu godan | mu godan | nu godan | ru godan | aru special class | tsu godan | u godan | u special class | ru ichidan | kuru verb | suru verb |
Plain Pres. | eru | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ในใ | ใใ | ใญใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใฆใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใใ | ๆฅใใใ | ใใ |
Colloquial Pres. | reru | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ๆฅใใ | ใใ |
Plain Pres. Neg. | eta | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ในใ | ใใ | ใญใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใฆใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใใ | ๆฅใใใ | ใใ |
Plain Pres. Neg. | enai | ใใชใ | ใใชใ | ใใชใ | ใใชใ | ใใชใ | ในใชใ | ใใชใ | ใญใชใ | ใใชใ | ใใชใ | ใฆใชใ | ใใชใ | ใใชใ | ใใใชใ | ๆฅใใใชใ | ใใชใ |
Polite Pres. | emasu | ใใพใ | ใใพใ | ใใพใ | ใใพใ | ใใพใ | ในใพใ | ใใพใ | ใญใพใ | ใใพใ | ใใพใ | ใฆใพใ | ใใพใ | ใใพใ | ใใใพใ | ๆฅใใใพใ | ใใพใ |
Polite Pres. Neg. | emasen | ใใพใใ | ใใพใใ | ใใพใใ | ใใพใใ | ใใพใใ | ในใพใใ | ใใพใใ | ใญใพใใ | ใใพใใ | ใใพใใ | ใฆใพใใ | ใใพใใ | ใใพใใ | ใใใพใใ | ๆฅใใใพใใ | ใใพใใ |
16. Continuative (He does/is X and โฆ) |
| | su godan | ku godan | iku special class | yuku special class | gu godan | bu godan | mu godan | nu godan | ru godan | aru special class | tsu godan | u godan | u special class | ru ichidan | kuru verb | suru verb |
Plain Pres. Literary | i | ใ | ใ | ใ | ใ | ใ | ใณ | ใฟ | ใซ | ใ | ใ | ใก | ใ | ใ | | ๆฅ | ใ |
Plain Pres. | te | ใใฆ | ใใฆ | ใฃใฆ | ใใฆ | ใใง | ใใง | ใใง | ใใง | ใฃใฆ | ใฃใฆ | ใฃใฆ | ใฃใฆ | ใใฆ | ใฆ | ๆฅใฆ | ใใฆ |
Polite Pres. Neg. 1 | naide | ใใชใใง | ใใชใใง | ใใชใใง | ใใชใใง | ใใชใใง | ใฐใชใใง | ใพใชใใง | ใชใชใใง | ใใชใใง | ใใชใใง | ใใชใใง | ใใชใใง | ใใชใใง | ใชใใง | ๆฅใชใใง | ใใชใใง |
Polite Pres. Neg. 2 | nakute | ใใชใใฆ | ใใชใใฆ | ใใชใใฆ | ใใชใใฆ | ใใชใใฆ | ใฐใชใใฆ | ใพใชใใฆ | ใชใชใใฆ | ใใชใใฆ | ใใชใใฆ | ใใชใใฆ | ใใชใใฆ | ใใชใใฆ | ใชใใฆ | ๆฅใชใใฆ | ใใชใใฆ |
Polite Pres. | mashite | ใใพใใฆ | ใใพใใฆ | ใใพใใฆ | ใใพใใฆ | ใใพใใฆ | ใณใพใใฆ | ใฟใพใใฆ | ใซใพใใฆ | ใใพใใฆ | ใใพใใฆ | ใกใพใใฆ | ใใพใใฆ | ใใพใใฆ | ใพใใฆ | ๆฅใพใใฆ | ใใพใใฆ |
Polite Pres. Neg. 1 | masende | ใใพใใใง | ใใพใใใง | ใใพใใใง | ใใพใใใง | ใใพใใใง | ใณใพใใใง | ใฟใพใใใง | ใซใพใใใง | ใใพใใใง | ใใพใใใง | ใกใพใใใง | ใใพใใใง | ใใพใใใง | ใพใใใง | ๆฅใพใใใง | ใใพใใใง |
Polite Pres. Neg. 2 | masende | ใใใซ | ใใใซ | ใใใซ | ใใใซ | ใใใซ | ใฐใใซ | ใพใใซ | ใชใใซ | ใใใซ | ใใใซ | ใใใซ | ใใใซ | ใใใซ | ใใซ | ๆฅใใซ | ใใใซ |
17. Compulsion (He needs to do/be X) |
| | su godan | ku godan | iku special class | yuku special class | gu godan | bu godan | mu godan | nu godan | ru godan | aru special class | tsu godan | u godan | u special class | ru ichidan | kuru verb | suru verb |
Colloquial Pres. | nakucha (ikenai) (ikenai) | ใใชใใกใ (ใใใชใ) | ใใชใใกใ (ใใใชใ) | ใใชใใกใ (ใใใชใ) | ใใชใใกใ (ใใใชใ) | ใใชใใกใ (ใใใชใ) | ใฐใชใใกใ (ใใใชใ) | ใพใชใใกใ (ใใใชใ) | ใชใชใใกใ (ใใใชใ) | ใใชใใกใ (ใใใชใ) | ใใชใใกใ (ใใใชใ) | ใใชใใกใ (ใใใชใ) | ใใชใใกใ (ใใใชใ) | ใใชใใกใ (ใใใชใ) | ใชใใกใ (ใใใชใ) | ๆฅใชใใกใ (ใใใชใ) | ใใชใใกใ (ใใใชใ) |
Plain Pres. | nakute wa ikenai | ใใชใใฆใฏใใใชใ | ใใชใใฆใฏใใใชใ | ใใชใใฆใฏใใใชใ | ใใชใใฆใฏใใใชใ | ใใชใใฆใฏใใใชใ | ใฐใชใใฆใฏใใใชใ | ใพใชใใฆใฏใใใชใ | ใชใชใใฆใฏใใใชใ | ใใชใใฆใฏใใใชใ | ใใชใใฆใฏใใใชใ | ใใชใใฆใฏใใใชใ | ใใชใใฆใฏใใใชใ | ใใชใใฆใฏใใใชใ | ใชใใฆใฏใใใชใ | ๆฅใชใใฆใฏใใใชใ | ใใชใใฆใฏใใใชใ |
Polite Pres. | nakute wa ikemasen | ใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ | ใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ | ใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ | ใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ | ใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ | ใฐใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ | ใพใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ | ใชใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ | ใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ | ใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ | ใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ | ใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ | ใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ | ใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ | ๆฅใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ | ใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ |
18. Gerund (A/an X-ing) |
| | su godan | ku godan | iku special class | yuku special class | gu godan | bu godan | mu godan | nu godan | ru godan | aru special class | tsu godan | u godan | u special class | ru ichidan | kuru verb | suru verb |
Affirmative | koto | ใใใจ | ใใใจ | ใใใจ | ใใใจ | ใใใจ | ใถใใจ | ใใใจ | ใฌใใจ | ใใใจ | ใใใจ | ใคใใจ | ใใใจ | ใใใจ | ใใใจ | ๆฅใใใจ | ใใใใจ |
Negative | nai koto | ใใชใใใจ | ใใชใใใจ | ใใชใใใจ | ใใชใใใจ | ใใชใใใจ | ใฐใชใใใจ | ใพใชใใใจ | ใชใชใใใจ | ใใชใใใจ | ใใชใใใจ | ใใชใใใจ | ใใชใใใจ | ใใชใใใจ | ใชใใใจ | ๆฅใชใใใจ | ใใชใใใจ |
Past | ta koto | ใใใใจ | ใใใใจ | ใฃใใใจ | ใใใใจ | ใใ ใใจ | ใใ ใใจ | ใใ ใใจ | ใใ ใใจ | ใฃใใใจ | ใฃใใใจ | ใฃใใใจ | ใฃใใใจ | ใฃใใใจ | ใใใจ | ๆฅใใใจ | ใใใใจ |
te-form | te koto | ใใฆใใจ | ใใฆใใจ | ใฃใฆใใจ | ใใฆใใจ | ใใงใใจ | ใใงใใจ | ใใงใใจ | ใใงใใจ | ใฃใฆใใจ | ใฃใฆใใจ | ใฃใฆใใจ | ใฃใฆใใจ | ใใฆใใจ | ใฆใใจ | ๆฅใฆใใจ | ใใฆใใจ |
Aff. Progressive | teiru koto | ใใฆใใใใจ | ใใฆใใใใจ | ใฃใฆใใใใจ | ใใฆใใใใจ | ใใงใใใใจ | ใใงใใใใจ | ใใงใใใใจ | ใใงใใใใจ | ใฃใฆใใใใจ | ใฃใฆใใใใจ | ใฃใฆใใใใจ | ใฃใฆใใใใจ | ใใฆใใใใจ | ใฆใใใใจ | ๆฅใฆใใใใจ | ใใฆใใใใจ |
Neg. Progressive | teinai koto | ใใฆใใชใใใจ | ใใฆใใชใใใจ | ใฃใฆใใชใใใจ | ใใฆใใชใใใจ | ใใงใใชใใใจ | ใใงใใชใใใจ | ใใงใใชใใใจ | ใใงใใชใใใจ | ใฃใฆใใชใใใจ | ใฃใฆใใชใใใจ | ใฃใฆใใชใใใจ | ใฃใฆใใชใใใจ | ใใฆใใชใใใจ | ใฆใใชใใใจ | ๆฅใฆใใชใใใจ | ใใฆใใชใใใจ |
Past Progressive | teita koto | ใใฆใใใใจ | ใใฆใใใใจ | ใฃใฆใใใใจ | ใใฆใใใใจ | ใใงใใใใจ | ใใงใใใใจ | ใใงใใใใจ | ใใงใใใใจ | ใฃใฆใใใใจ | ใฃใฆใใใใจ | ใฃใฆใใใใจ | ใฃใฆใใใใจ | ใใฆใใใใจ | ใฆใใใใจ | ๆฅใฆใใใใจ | ใใฆใใใใจ |
19. te-form Compound Verbs |
| | su godan | ku godan | iku special class | yuku special class | gu godan | bu godan | mu godan | nu godan | ru godan | aru special class | tsu godan | u godan | u special class | ru ichidan | kuru verb | suru verb |
He does/is X while giving (1) | te ageru | ใใฆไธใใ | ใใฆไธใใ | ใฃใฆไธใใ | ใใฆไธใใ | ใใงไธใใ | ใใงไธใใ | ใใงไธใใ | ใใงไธใใ | ใฃใฆไธใใ | ใฃใฆไธใใ | ใฃใฆไธใใ | ใฃใฆไธใใ | ใใฆไธใใ | ใฆไธใใ | ๆฅใฆไธใใ | ใใฆไธใใ |
He does/is X while giving (2) | kureru | ใใฆๅใใ | ใใฆๅใใ | ใฃใฆๅใใ | ใใฆๅใใ | ใใงๅใใ | ใใงๅใใ | ใใ ๅใใ | ใใงๅใใ | ใฃใฆๅใใ | ใฃใฆๅใใ | ใฃใฆๅใใ | ใฃใฆๅใใ | ใใฆๅใใ | ใฆๅใใ | ๆฅใฆๅใใ | ใใฆๅใใ |
He does/is X while receiving (as a favor) | morau | ใใฆ่ฒฐใ | ใใฆ่ฒฐใ | ใฃใฆ่ฒฐใ | ใใฆ่ฒฐใ | ใใง่ฒฐใ | ใใง่ฒฐใ | ใใ ่ฒฐใ | ใใง่ฒฐใ | ใฃใฆ่ฒฐใ | ใฃใฆ่ฒฐใ | ใฃใฆ่ฒฐใ | ใฃใฆ่ฒฐใ | ใใฆ่ฒฐใ | ใฆ่ฒฐใ | ๆฅใฆ่ฒฐใ | ใใฆ่ฒฐใ |
He does/is X in passing | te iku | ใใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ | ใใงใใ | ใใงใใ | ใใงใใ | ใใงใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ | ใฆใใ | ๆฅใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ |
He\'s doing/being X in advance | te oku | ใใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ | ใใงใใ | ใใงใใ | ใใงใใ | ใใงใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ | ใฆใใ | ๆฅใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ |
He\'s prepared to do/be X (Colloquial) | toku | ใใจใ | ใใจใ | ใฃใจใ | ใใจใ | ใใฉใ | ใใฉใ | ใใฉใ | ใใฉใ | ใฃใจใ | ใฃใจใ | ใฃใจใ | ใฃใจใ | ใใจใ | ใจใ | ๆฅใจใ | ใใจใ |
He\'s done doing/being X | shimau | ใใฆใใพใ | ใใฆใใพใ | ใฃใฆใใพใ | ใใฆใใพใ | ใใงใใพใ | ใใงใใพใ | ใใงใใพใ | ใใงใใพใ | ใฃใฆใใพใ | ใฃใฆใใพใ | ใฃใฆใใพใ | ใฃใฆใใพใ | ใใฆใใพใ | ใฆใใพใ | ๆฅใฆใใพใ | ใใฆใใพใ |
He\'s done doing/being X (Colloquial) | chau/jau | ใใกใใ | ใใกใใ | ใฃใกใใ | ใใกใใ | ใใใใ | ใใใใ | ใใใใ | ใใใใ | ใฃใกใใ | ใฃใกใใ | ใฃใกใใ | ใฃใกใใ | ใใกใใ | ใกใใ | ๆฅใกใใ | ใใกใใ |
He does/is X and regrets it | shimatta | ใใฆใใพใฃใ | ใใฆใใพใฃใ | ใฃใฆใใพใฃใ | ใใฆใใพใฃใ | ใใงใใพใฃใ | ใใงใใพใฃใ | ใใ ใใพใฃใ | ใใงใใพใฃใ | ใฃใฆใใพใฃใ | ใฃใฆใใพใฃใ | ใฃใฆใใพใฃใ | ใฃใฆใใพใฃใ | ใใฆใใพใฃใ | ใฆใใพใฃใ | ๆฅใฆใใพใฃใ | ใใฆใใพใฃใ |
He does/is X and regrets it (Colloquial) | chatta/jatta | ใใกใใฃใ | ใใกใใฃใ | ใฃใกใใฃใ | ใใกใใฃใ | ใใใใฃใ | ใใใใฃใ | ใใใใฃใ | ใใใใฃใ | ใฃใกใใฃใ | ใฃใกใใฃใ | ใฃใกใใฃใ | ใฃใกใใฃใ | ใใกใใฃใ | ใกใใฃใ | ๆฅใกใใฃใ | ใใกใใฃใ |
Try to do/be X and you\'ll see | miru | ใใฆใฟใ | ใใฆใฟใ | ใฃใฆใฟใ | ใใฆใฟใ | ใใงใฟใ | ใใงใฟใ | ใใ ใฟใ | ใใงใฟใ | ใฃใฆใฟใ | ใฃใฆใฟใ | ใฃใฆใฟใ | ใฃใฆใฟใ | ใใฆใฟใ | ใฆใฟใ | ๆฅใฆใฟใ | ใใฆใฟใ |
He makes an X-ing | suru | ใใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ | ใใงใใ | ใใงใใ | ใใ ใใ | ใใงใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ | ใฆใใ | ๆฅใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ |
It has (already) been X-ed (e.g. open) | te aru | ใใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ | ใใงใใ | ใใงใใ | ใใงใใ | ใใงใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ | ใฆใใ | ๆฅใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ |
It has come to be that he does/is X | kuru | ใใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ | ใใงใใ | ใใงใใ | ใใงใใ | ใใงใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใฃใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ | ใฆใใ | ๆฅใฆใใ | ใใฆใใ |
20. te-form Getting Permission |
| | su godan | ku godan | iku special class | yuku special class | gu godan | bu godan | mu godan | nu godan | ru godan | aru special class | tsu godan | u godan | u special class | ru ichidan | kuru verb | suru verb |
I get permission to do/be X | sasete morau | ใใใฆ่ฒฐใ | ใใใฆ่ฒฐใ | ใใใฆ่ฒฐใ | ใใใฆ่ฒฐใ | ใใใฆ่ฒฐใ | ใฐใใฆ่ฒฐใ | ใพใใฆ่ฒฐใ | ใชใใฆ่ฒฐใ | ใใใฆ่ฒฐใ | ใใใฆ่ฒฐใ | ใใใฆ่ฒฐใ | ใใใฆ่ฒฐใ | ใใใฆ่ฒฐใ | ใใใฆ่ฒฐใ | ใใใใฆ่ฒฐใ | ใใใฆ่ฒฐใ |
I get permission to do/be X (Humble) | sasete itadaku | ใใใฆ้ ใ | ใใใฆ้ ใ | ใใใฆ้ ใ | ใใใฆ้ ใ | ใใใฆ้ ใ | ใฐใใฆ้ ใ | ใพใใฆ้ ใ | ใชใใฆ้ ใ | ใใใฆ้ ใ | ใใใฆ้ ใ | ใใใฆ้ ใ | ใใใฆ้ ใ | ใใใฆ้ ใ | ใใใฆ้ ใ | ใใใใฆ้ ใ | ใใใฆ้ ใ |
He gives permission to do/be X | sasete kureru | ใใใฆๅใใ | ใใใฆๅใใ | ใใใฆๅใใ | ใใใฆๅใใ | ใใใฆๅใใ | ใฐใใฆๅใใ | ใพใใฆๅใใ | ใชใใฆๅใใ | ใใใฆๅใใ | ใใใฆๅใใ | ใใใฆๅใใ | ใใใฆๅใใ | ใใใฆๅใใ | ใใใฆๅใใ | ใใใใฆๅใใ | ใใใฆๅใใ |
He gives permission to do/be X (Humble) | sasete kudasaru | ใใใฆไธใใ | ใใใฆไธใใ | ใใใฆไธใใ | ใใใฆไธใใ | ใใใฆไธใใ | ใฐใใฆไธใใ | ใพใใฆไธใใ | ใชใใฆไธใใ | ใใใฆไธใใ | ใใใฆไธใใ | ใใใฆไธใใ | ใใใฆไธใใ | ใใใฆไธใใ | ใใใฆไธใใ | ใใใใฆไธใใ | ใใใฆไธใใ |
21. te + Misc. Conjunctives |
| | su godan | ku godan | iku special class | yuku special class | gu godan | bu godan | mu godan | nu godan | ru godan | aru special class | tsu godan | u godan | u special class | ru ichidan | kuru verb | suru verb |
Do me a favor and do/be X | hoshii | ใใฆๆฌฒใใ | ใใฆๆฌฒใใ | ใฃใฆๆฌฒใใ | ใใฆๆฌฒใใ | ใใงๆฌฒใใ | ใใงๆฌฒใใ | ใใงๆฌฒใใ | ใใงๆฌฒใใ | ใฃใฆๆฌฒใใ | ใฃใฆๆฌฒใใ | ใฃใฆๆฌฒใใ | ใฃใฆๆฌฒใใ | ใใฆๆฌฒใใ | ใฆๆฌฒใใ | ๆฅใฆๆฌฒใใ | ใใฆๆฌฒใใ |
It\'s alright that he does/is X | mo ii | ใใฆใใใ | ใใฆใใใ | ใฃใฆใใใ | ใใฆใใใ | ใใงใใใ | ใใงใใใ | ใใงใใใ | ใใงใใใ | ใฃใฆใใใ | ใฃใฆใใใ | ใฃใฆใใใ | ใฃใฆใใใ | ใใฆใใใ | ใฆใใใ | ๆฅใฆใใใ | ใใฆใใใ |
I don\'t care that he does/is X | mo kamawanai | ใใฆใๆงใใชใ | ใใฆใๆงใใชใ | ใฃใฆใๆงใใชใ | ใใฆใๆงใใชใ | ใใงใๆงใใชใ | ใใงใๆงใใชใ | ใใงใๆงใใชใ | ใใงใๆงใใชใ | ใฃใฆใๆงใใชใ | ใฃใฆใๆงใใชใ | ใฃใฆใๆงใใชใ | ใฃใฆใๆงใใชใ | ใใฆใๆงใใชใ | ใฆใๆงใใชใ | ๆฅใฆใๆงใใชใ | ใใฆใๆงใใชใ |
It's alright that he doesn\'t do/is not X | nakute mo ii | ใใชใใฆใใใ | ใใชใใฆใใใ | ใใชใใฆใใใ | ใใชใใฆใใใ | ใใชใใฆใใใ | ใฐใชใใฆใใใ | ใพใชใใฆใใใ | ใชใชใใฆใใใ | ใใชใใฆใใใ | ใใชใใฆใใใ | ใใชใใฆใใใ | ใใชใใฆใใใ | ใใชใใฆใใใ | ใใชใใฆใใใ | ๆฅใชใใฆใใใ | ใใชใใฆใใใ |
22. Simple Form Plain + Misc. Conjunctives |
| | su godan | ku godan | iku special class | yuku special class | gu godan | bu godan | mu godan | nu godan | ru godan | aru special class | tsu godan | u godan | u special class | ru ichidan | kuru verb | suru verb |
He does/is X (emphasis) | n da | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใถใใ | ใใใ | ใฌใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใคใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ๆฅใใใ | ใใใใ |
He does/is X (emphasis, formal) | n desu | ใใใงใ | ใใใงใ | ใใใงใ | ใใใงใ | ใใใงใ | ใถใใงใ | ใใใงใ | ใฌใใงใ | ใใใงใ | ใใใงใ | ใคใใงใ | ใใใงใ | ใใใงใ | ใใใงใ | ๆฅใใใงใ | ใใใใงใ |
He does/is X (emphasis, polite) | no da | ใใฎใ | ใใฎใ | ใใฎใ | ใใฎใ | ใใฎใ | ใถใฎใ | ใใฎใ | ใฌใฎใ | ใใฎใ | ใใฎใ | ใคใฎใ | ใใฎใ | ใใฎใ | ใใฎใ | ๆฅใใฎใ | ใใใฎใ |
He does/is X (emphasis, formal polite) | no desu | ใใฎใงใ | ใใฎใงใ | ใใฎใงใ | ใใฎใงใ | ใใฎใงใ | ใถใฎใงใ | ใใฎใงใ | ใฌใฎใงใ | ใใฎใงใ | ใใฎใงใ | ใคใฎใงใ | ใใฎใงใ | ใใฎใงใ | ใใฎใงใ | ๆฅใใฎใงใ | ใใใฎใงใ |
23. masu stem + Compound Verbs |
| | su godan | ku godan | iku special class | yuku special class | gu godan | bu godan | mu godan | nu godan | ru godan | aru special class | tsu godan | u godan | u special class | ru ichidan | kuru verb | suru verb |
He does/is X too much | sugiru | ใ้ใใ | ใ้ใใ | ใ้ใใ | ใ้ใใ | ใ้ใใ | ใณ้ใใ | ใฟ้ใใ | ใซ้ใใ | ใ้ใใ | ใ้ใใ | ใก้ใใ | ใ้ใใ | ใ้ใใ | ใ้ใใ | ๆฅ้ใใ | ใ้ใใ |
He does/is X too much (noun phrase) | sugi da | ใ้ใใ | ใ้ใใ | ใ้ใใ | ใ้ใใ | ใ้ใใ | ใณ้ใใ | ใฟ้ใใ | ใซ้ใใ | ใ้ใใ | ใ้ใใ | ใก้ใใ | ใ้ใใ | ใ้ใใ | ใ้ใใ | ๆฅ้ใใ | ใ้ใใ |
We do X to each other | au | ใๅใ | ใๅใ | ใๅใ | ใๅใ | ใๅใ | ใณๅใ | ใฟๅใ | ใซๅใ | ใๅใ | ใๅใ | ใกๅใ | ใๅใ | ใๅใ | ๅใ | ๆฅๅใ | ใๅใ |
He starts doing/being X | dasu | ใๅบใ | ใๅบใ | ใๅบใ | ใๅบใ | ใๅบใ | ใณๅบใ | ใฟๅบใ | ใซๅบใ | ใๅบใ | ใๅบใ | ใกๅบใ | ใๅบใ | ใๅบใ | ๅบใ | ๆฅๅบใ | ใๅบใ |
He starts doing/being X | hajimeru | ใๅงใใ | ใๅงใใ | ใๅงใใ | ใๅงใใ | ใๅงใใ | ใณๅงใใ | ใฟๅงใใ | ใซๅงใใ | ใๅงใใ | ใๅงใใ | ใกๅงใใ | ใๅงใใ | ใๅงใใ | ๅงใใ | ๆฅๅงใใ | ใๅงใใ |
He does/is X again | naosu | ใๆฒปใ | ใๆฒปใ | ใๆฒปใ | ใๆฒปใ | ใๆฒปใ | ใณๆฒปใ | ใฟๆฒปใ | ใซๆฒปใ | ใๆฒปใ | ใๆฒปใ | ใกๆฒปใ | ใๆฒปใ | ใๆฒปใ | ๆฒปใ | ๆฅๆฒปใ | ใๆฒปใ |
He\'s late in doing/being X | okureru | ใ้
ใใ | ใ้
ใใ | ใ้
ใใ | ใ้
ใใ | ใ้
ใใ | ใณ้
ใใ | ใฟ้
ใใ | ใซ้
ใใ | ใ้
ใใ | ใ้
ใใ | ใก้
ใใ | ใ้
ใใ | ใ้
ใใ | ้
ใใ | ๆฅ้
ใใ | ใ้
ใใ |
He finishes doing/being X | owaru | ใ็ตใใ | ใ็ตใใ | ใ็ตใใ | ใ็ตใใ | ใ็ตใใ | ใณ็ตใใ | ใฟ็ตใใ | ใซ็ตใใ | ใ็ตใใ | ใ็ตใใ | ใก็ตใใ | ใ็ตใใ | ใ็ตใใ | ็ตใใ | ๆฅ็ตใใ | ใ็ตใใ |
He forgets to do/be X | wasureru | ใๅฟใใ | ใๅฟใใ | ใๅฟใใ | ใๅฟใใ | ใๅฟใใ | ใณๅฟใใ | ใฟๅฟใใ | ใซๅฟใใ | ใๅฟใใ | ใๅฟใใ | ใกๅฟใใ | ใๅฟใใ | ใๅฟใใ | ๅฟใใ | ๆฅๅฟใใ | ใๅฟใใ |
He does/is X (vulgar - denotes hatred/contempt) | yagaru | ใใใใ | ใใใใ | ใใใใ | ใใใใ | ใใใใ | ใณใใใ | ใฟใใใ | ใซใใใ | ใใใใ | ใใใใ | ใกใใใ | ใใใใ | ใใใใ | ใใใ | ๆฅใใใ | ใใใใ |
He is unable/finds it difficult to do/be X | kaneru | ใๅ
ผใญใ | ใๅ
ผใญใ | ใๅ
ผใญใ | ใๅ
ผใญใ | ใๅ
ผใญใ | ใณๅ
ผใญใ | ใฟๅ
ผใญใ | ใซๅ
ผใญใ | ใๅ
ผใญใ | ใๅ
ผใญใ | ใกๅ
ผใญใ | ใๅ
ผใญใ | ใๅ
ผใญใ | ๅ
ผใญใ | ๆฅๅ
ผใญใ | ใๅ
ผใญใ |
He completes doing/being X | ageru | ใไธใใ | ใไธใใ | ใไธใใ | ใไธใใ | ใไธใใ | ใณไธใใ | ใฟไธใใ | ใซไธใใ | ใไธใใ | ใไธใใ | ใกไธใใ | ใไธใใ | ใไธใใ | ไธใใ | ๆฅไธใใ | ใไธใใ |
Do/be X (imperative) | tsudukeru | ใ็ถใใ | ใ็ถใใ | ใ็ถใใ | ใ็ถใใ | ใ็ถใใ | ใณ็ถใใ | ใฟ็ถใใ | ใซ็ถใใ | ใ็ถใใ | ใ็ถใใ | ใก็ถใใ | ใ็ถใใ | ใ็ถใใ | ็ถใใ | ๆฅ็ถใใ | ใ็ถใใ |
24. Stem + Misc. Attributes |
| | su godan | ku godan | iku special class | yuku special class | gu godan | bu godan | mu godan | nu godan | ru godan | aru special class | tsu godan | u godan | u special class | ru ichidan | kuru verb | suru verb |
He does [action] in order to do/be X | ni | ใใซ [verb] | ใใซ [verb] | ใใซ [verb] | ใใซ [verb] | ใใซ [verb] | ใณใซ [verb] | ใฟใซ [verb] | ใซใซ [verb] | ใใซ [verb] | ใใซ [verb] | ใกใซ [verb] | ใใซ [verb] | ใใซ [verb] | ใใซ [verb] | ๆฅใซ [verb] | ใใซ [verb] |
While doing/being X | nagara | ใใชใใ | ใใชใใ | ใใชใใ | ใใชใใ | ใใชใใ | ใณใชใใ | ใฟใชใใ | ใซใชใใ | ใใชใใ | ใใชใใ | ใกใชใใ | ใใชใใ | ใใชใใ | ใชใใ | ๆฅใชใใ | ใใชใใ |
It seems that he doesn\'t do/is not X | nasasou | ใใชใใใ | ใใชใใใ | ใใชใใใ | ใใชใใใ | ใใชใใใ | ใฐใชใใใ | ใพใชใใใ | ใชใชใใใ | ใใชใใใ | ใใชใใใ | ใใชใใใ | ใใชใใใ | ใใชใใใ | ใชใใใ | ๆฅใชใใใ | ใใชใใใ |
He continues doing/being X | tsuzuku | ใ็ถใ | ใ็ถใ | ใ็ถใ | ใ็ถใ | ใ็ถใ | ใณ็ถใ | ใฟ็ถใ | ใซ็ถใ | ใ็ถใ | ใ็ถใ | ใก็ถใ | ใ็ถใ | ใ็ถใ | ใ็ถใ | ๆฅ็ถใ | ใ็ถใ |
The way he does/is X | kata | ใๆน | ใๆน | ใๆน | ใๆน | ใๆน | ใณๆน | ใฟๆน | ใซๆน | ใๆน | ใๆน | ใกๆน | ใๆน | ใๆน | ๆน | ๆฅๆน | ใๆน |
It is hard to do/be X | nikui | ใ้ฃใ | ใ้ฃใ | ใ้ฃใ | ใ้ฃใ | ใ้ฃใ | ใณ้ฃใ | ใฟ้ฃใ | ใซ้ฃใ | ใ้ฃใ | ใ้ฃใ | ใก้ฃใ | ใ้ฃใ | ใ้ฃใ | ้ฃใ | ๆฅ้ฃใ | ใ้ฃใ |
It is easy to do/be X | yasui | ใๆใ | ใๆใ | ใๆใ | ใๆใ | ใๆใ | ใณๆใ | ใฟๆใ | ใซๆใ | ใๆใ | ใๆใ | ใกๆใ | ใๆใ | ใๆใ | ๆใ | ๆฅๆใ | ใๆใ |
He stops in the midst of doing/being X | sasu | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใณใใ | ใฟใใ | ใซใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใกใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใ | ๆฅใใ | ใใใ |
He does/is X (very vulgar - denotes hatred/contempt) | yagare | ใใใใ | ใใใใ | ใใใใ | ใใใใ | ใใใใ | ใณใใใ | ใฟใใใ | ใซใใใ | ใใใใ | ใใใใ | ใกใใใ | ใใใใ | ใใใใ | ใใใ | ๆฅใใใ | ใใใใ |
25. Archaic |
| | su godan | ku godan | iku special class | yuku special class | gu godan | bu godan | mu godan | nu godan | ru godan | aru special class | tsu godan | u godan | u special class | ru ichidan | kuru verb | suru verb |
Plain Pres. Neg. (equiv. to "nai") | nu | ใใฌ | ใใฌ | ใใฌ | ใใฌ | ใใฌ | ใฐใฌ | ใพใฌ | ใชใฌ | ใใฌ | ใใฌ | ใใฌ | ใใฌ | ใใฌ | ใฌ | ๆฅใฌ | ใใฌ |
To [verb] without doing/being X | zu | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใฐใ | ใพใ | ใชใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใใ | ใ | ๆฅใ | ใใ |
Plain Pres. Neg. (equiv. to "nai") | zaru | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใฐใใ | ใพใใ | ใชใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใใ | ใใ | ๆฅใใ | ใใใ |